Life in Motion โ€ข Negative Adjectives

โŒ Negative Adjectives in Japanese

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Learn how to say things are NOT a certain way! This lesson covers how to make adjectives negative in Japanese using polite form, so you can describe what something is not in everyday conversation.

๐ŸŽฏ Learning Objectives


Make ใ„-adjectives negative (ใใชใ„ใงใ™)

Make ใช-adjectives negative (ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™)

Use negative adjectives in polite sentences

Recognize common negative patterns

Listen and understand negative adjectives

๐Ÿ“ How to Make Adjectives Negative (Polite)


There are two main types of adjectives in Japanese: ใ„-adjectives and ใช-adjectives. Each has its own way to make the negative form in polite speech.

TypeNegative PatternExampleUsage
ใ„-adjective

[adjective stem] + ใใชใ„ใงใ™

ใŸใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใŸใ‹ใใชใ„ใงใ™For adjectives ending in ใ„, drop ใ„ and add ใใชใ„ใงใ™ for polite negative.
ใช-adjective

[adjective] + ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™

ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ™ โ†’ ใ—ใšใ‹ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™For ใช-adjectives, add ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ for polite negative.

๐Ÿ’ก Quick Guide:

  • โ€ข ใ„-adjective: Drop ใ„, add ใใชใ„ใงใ™ (ใŸใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใŸใ‹ใใชใ„ใงใ™)
  • โ€ข ใช-adjective: Add ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ (ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ™ โ†’ ใ—ใšใ‹ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™)
  • โ€ข ใ„ใ„ (good) conjugates to ใ‚ˆใ„. This then follows the same rule as ใ„-adjectives: ใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใงใ™ (not good)

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๐ŸŒธ Negative Adjective Examples


Here are some common adjectives and their negative forms in polite sentences. Listen to the examples and practice saying them!

ใ„-adjectives

ใŸใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใŸใ‹ใใชใ„ใงใ™

expensive / not expensive

ใ“ใฎใƒšใƒณใฏใŸใ‹ใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

This pen is not expensive.

ใŠใŠใใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใŠใŠใใใชใ„ใงใ™

big / not big

ใ„ใฌใฏใŠใŠใใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

The dog is not big.

ใกใ„ใ•ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใกใ„ใ•ใใชใ„ใงใ™

small / not small

ใธใ‚„ใฏใกใ„ใ•ใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

The room is not small.

ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใใชใ„ใงใ™

new / not new

ใใ‚‹ใพใฏใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

The car is not new.

ใตใ‚‹ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใตใ‚‹ใใชใ„ใงใ™

old / not old

ใปใ‚“ใฏใตใ‚‹ใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

The book is not old.

ใช-adjectives

ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ™ โ†’ ใ—ใšใ‹ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™

quiet / not quiet

ใ“ใ†ใˆใ‚“ใฏใ—ใšใ‹ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

The park is not quiet.

ใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใใ‚Œใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™

clean, pretty / not clean, not pretty

ใธใ‚„ใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

The room is not clean.

ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™

famous / not famous

ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใฏใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

The teacher is not famous.

ในใ‚“ใ‚Šใงใ™ โ†’ ในใ‚“ใ‚Šใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™

convenient / not convenient

ใ“ใฎใฟใ›ใฏในใ‚“ใ‚Šใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

This shop is not convenient.

๐Ÿ’ก Usage Tips & Common Mistakes


  • โ€ข Always use ใใชใ„ใงใ™ for ใ„-adjectives in polite form.
  • โ€ข Always use ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ for ใช-adjectives in polite form.
  • โ€ข Negative adjectives can be used before nouns: ใŸใ‹ใใชใ„ใƒšใƒณใงใ™ (a pen that is not expensive)
  • โ€ข Practice listening and speaking for natural usage!

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๐Ÿ‹๏ธ Practice Negative Adjectives


๐ŸŽฏ Try This Right Now:

  • โ€ข Look around and describe 3 things that are NOT big, NOT expensive, or NOT clean using negative adjectives in polite form.
  • โ€ข Listen to the examples above and repeat them out loud.
  • โ€ข Make a sentence about your room using a negative adjective in polite form.
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