โ Negative Adjectives in Japanese
Learn how to say things are NOT a certain way! This lesson covers how to make adjectives negative in Japanese using polite form, so you can describe what something is not in everyday conversation.
๐ฏ Learning Objectives
Make ใ-adjectives negative (ใใชใใงใ)
Make ใช-adjectives negative (ใใใชใใงใ)
Use negative adjectives in polite sentences
Recognize common negative patterns
Listen and understand negative adjectives
๐ How to Make Adjectives Negative (Polite)
There are two main types of adjectives in Japanese: ใ-adjectives and ใช-adjectives. Each has its own way to make the negative form in polite speech.
| Type | Negative Pattern | Example | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|
| ใ-adjective | [adjective stem] + ใใชใใงใ | ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใชใใงใ | For adjectives ending in ใ, drop ใ and add ใใชใใงใ for polite negative. |
| ใช-adjective | [adjective] + ใใใชใใงใ | ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใใใชใใงใ | For ใช-adjectives, add ใใใชใใงใ for polite negative. |
๐ก Quick Guide:
- โข ใ-adjective: Drop ใ, add ใใชใใงใ (ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใชใใงใ)
- โข ใช-adjective: Add ใใใชใใงใ (ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใใใชใใงใ)
- โข ใใ (good) conjugates to ใใ. This then follows the same rule as ใ-adjectives: ใใใชใใงใ (not good)
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๐ธ Negative Adjective Examples
Here are some common adjectives and their negative forms in polite sentences. Listen to the examples and practice saying them!
ใ-adjectives
ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใชใใงใ
expensive / not expensive
ใใฎใใณใฏใใใใชใใงใใ
This pen is not expensive.
ใใใใใงใ โ ใใใใใชใใงใ
big / not big
ใใฌใฏใใใใใชใใงใใ
The dog is not big.
ใกใใใใงใ โ ใกใใใใชใใงใ
small / not small
ใธใใฏใกใใใใชใใงใใ
The room is not small.
ใใใใใใงใ โ ใใใใใใชใใงใ
new / not new
ใใใพใฏใใใใใใชใใงใใ
The car is not new.
ใตใใใงใ โ ใตใใใชใใงใ
old / not old
ใปใใฏใตใใใชใใงใใ
The book is not old.
ใช-adjectives
ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใใใชใใงใ
quiet / not quiet
ใใใใใฏใใใใใใชใใงใใ
The park is not quiet.
ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใใใชใใงใ
clean, pretty / not clean, not pretty
ใธใใฏใใใใใใชใใงใใ
The room is not clean.
ใใใใใงใ โ ใใใใใใใชใใงใ
famous / not famous
ใใใใใฏใใใใใใใชใใงใใ
The teacher is not famous.
ในใใใงใ โ ในใใใใใชใใงใ
convenient / not convenient
ใใฎใฟใใฏในใใใใใชใใงใใ
This shop is not convenient.
๐ก Usage Tips & Common Mistakes
- โข Always use ใใชใใงใ for ใ-adjectives in polite form.
- โข Always use ใใใชใใงใ for ใช-adjectives in polite form.
- โข Negative adjectives can be used before nouns: ใใใใชใใใณใงใ (a pen that is not expensive)
- โข Practice listening and speaking for natural usage!
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๐๏ธ Practice Negative Adjectives
๐ฏ Try This Right Now:
- โข Look around and describe 3 things that are NOT big, NOT expensive, or NOT clean using negative adjectives in polite form.
- โข Listen to the examples above and repeat them out loud.
- โข Make a sentence about your room using a negative adjective in polite form.
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