Life in Motion โ€ข Past Tense Adjectives

๐Ÿ•ฐ๏ธ Past Tense of Adjectives in Japanese

Past Tense: VerbsPast Tense: AdjectivesPractice

Learn how to talk about how things were in the past! This lesson covers how to change adjectives to the past tense in polite form, so you can describe what something was.

๐ŸŽฏ Learning Objectives


  • โ€ข Change ใ„-adjectives to past tense (ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™)
  • โ€ข Change ใช-adjectives to past tense (ใงใ—ใŸ)
  • โ€ข Use adjectives in sentences about the past
  • โ€ข Listen and recognize past tense adjectives

๐Ÿ“ How to Make Adjectives Past Tense (Affirmative)


There are two main types of adjectives in Japanese: ใ„-adjectives and ใช-adjectives. Each has its own way to make the past tense.

TypePresentPastRule
ใ„-adjectiveใŸใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ใŸใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ Drop ใ„, add ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ for past.
ใช-adjectiveใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ™ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ—ใŸ Add ใงใ—ใŸ for past.

๐Ÿ’ก Quick Guide for Beginners:

  • โ€ข ใ„-adjective: Drop final ใ„, add ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™
    ใŸใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใŸใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™
  • โ€ข ใช-adjective: Just change ใงใ™ to ใงใ—ใŸ
    ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ™ โ†’ ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ—ใŸ

ใจใในใค (Special): ใ„ใ„ใงใ™


There's one very important exception you need to remember:

Present

ใ„ใ„ใงใ™

(good)

โ†’

Past

ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™

(was good)

This is very common so please remember it!

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๐ŸŒธ ใ‚Œใ„ (Examples)


Let's practice with some examples! Listen to the audio and try repeating.

ใ„-adjectives

ใŸใ‹ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใŸใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™


expensive โ†’ was expensive

ใใฎใ†ใฎใƒšใƒณใฏใŸใ‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚

Yesterday's pen was expensive.

ใŠใŠใใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใŠใŠใใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™


big โ†’ was big

ใธใ‚„ใฏใŠใŠใใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚

The room was big.

ใกใ„ใ•ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใกใ„ใ•ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™


small โ†’ was small

ใ„ใฌใฏใกใ„ใ•ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚

The dog was small.

ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™


new โ†’ was new

ใใ‚‹ใพใฏใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚

The car was new.

ใตใ‚‹ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใตใ‚‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™


old โ†’ was old

ใปใ‚“ใฏใตใ‚‹ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚

The book was old.

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ใช-adjectives

ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ™ โ†’ ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ—ใŸ


quiet โ†’ was quiet

ใ“ใ†ใˆใ‚“ใฏใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚

The park was quiet.

ใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ—ใŸ


clean/pretty โ†’ was clean/pretty

ใธใ‚„ใฏใใ‚Œใ„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚

The room was clean.

ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„ใงใ—ใŸ


famous โ†’ was famous

ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใฏใ‚†ใ†ใ‚ใ„ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚

The teacher was famous.

ในใ‚“ใ‚Šใงใ™ โ†’ ในใ‚“ใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸ


convenient โ†’ was convenient

ใ“ใฎใฟใ›ใฏในใ‚“ใ‚Šใงใ—ใŸใ€‚

This shop was convenient.

โฐ ใ„ใค? (When?) to Use Past Tense


Use past tense when:

  • โ€ข Describing something that happened before now
  • โ€ข Talking about how something was in the past
  • โ€ข Describing past experiences

Common time words with past tense:

  • โ€ข ใใฎใ† (yesterday)
  • โ€ข ใ›ใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ† (last week)
  • โ€ข ใ›ใ‚“ใ’ใค (last month)
  • โ€ข ใใ‚‡ใญใ‚“ (last year)

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๐Ÿ‹๏ธ ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ† (Practice)


Try making these adjectives past tense:

๐ŸŽฏ Practice Right Now:

  • โ€ข Make sentences about yesterday using these adjectives: ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„, ใ•ใ‚€ใ„, ใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใ„
  • โ€ข Listen to the examples and repeat them
  • โ€ข Make a sentence about how your day was yesterday using ใ„ใ„ (ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸ)

ใพใจใ‚ (Summary)


  • โ€ข ใ„-adjectives: Drop ใ„, add ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™
  • โ€ข ใช-adjectives: Add ใงใ—ใŸ
  • โ€ข Exception: ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™
  • โ€ข Use past tense adjectives to describe how things were before now
Past Tense VerbsPractice

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