๐ฐ๏ธ Past Tense of Adjectives in Japanese
Learn how to talk about how things were in the past! This lesson covers how to change adjectives to the past tense in polite form, so you can describe what something was.
๐ฏ Learning Objectives
- โข Change ใ-adjectives to past tense (ใใฃใใงใ)
- โข Change ใช-adjectives to past tense (ใงใใ)
- โข Use adjectives in sentences about the past
- โข Listen and recognize past tense adjectives
๐ How to Make Adjectives Past Tense (Affirmative)
There are two main types of adjectives in Japanese: ใ-adjectives and ใช-adjectives. Each has its own way to make the past tense.
| Type | Present | Past | Rule |
|---|---|---|---|
| ใ-adjective | ใใใใงใ | ใใใใฃใใงใ | Drop ใ, add ใใฃใใงใ for past. |
| ใช-adjective | ใใใใงใ | ใใใใงใใ | Add ใงใใ for past. |
๐ก Quick Guide for Beginners:
- โข ใ-adjective: Drop final ใ, add ใใฃใใงใ
ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใฃใใงใ - โข ใช-adjective: Just change ใงใ to ใงใใ
ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใงใใ
ใจใในใค (Special): ใใใงใ
There's one very important exception you need to remember:
Present
ใใใงใ
(good)
โ
Past
ใใใฃใใงใ
(was good)
This is very common so please remember it!
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๐ธ ใใ (Examples)
Let's practice with some examples! Listen to the audio and try repeating.
ใ-adjectives
ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใฃใใงใ
expensive โ was expensive
ใใฎใใฎใใณใฏใใใใฃใใงใใ
Yesterday's pen was expensive.
ใใใใใงใ โ ใใใใใฃใใงใ
big โ was big
ใธใใฏใใใใใฃใใงใใ
The room was big.
ใกใใใใงใ โ ใกใใใใฃใใงใ
small โ was small
ใใฌใฏใกใใใใฃใใงใใ
The dog was small.
ใใใใใใงใ โ ใใใใใใฃใใงใ
new โ was new
ใใใพใฏใใใใใใฃใใงใใ
The car was new.
ใตใใใงใ โ ใตใใใฃใใงใ
old โ was old
ใปใใฏใตใใใฃใใงใใ
The book was old.
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ใช-adjectives
ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใงใใ
quiet โ was quiet
ใใใใใฏใใใใงใใใ
The park was quiet.
ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใงใใ
clean/pretty โ was clean/pretty
ใธใใฏใใใใงใใใ
The room was clean.
ใใใใใงใ โ ใใใใใงใใ
famous โ was famous
ใใใใใฏใใใใใงใใใ
The teacher was famous.
ในใใใงใ โ ในใใใงใใ
convenient โ was convenient
ใใฎใฟใใฏในใใใงใใใ
This shop was convenient.
โฐ ใใค? (When?) to Use Past Tense
Use past tense when:
- โข Describing something that happened before now
- โข Talking about how something was in the past
- โข Describing past experiences
Common time words with past tense:
- โข ใใฎใ (yesterday)
- โข ใใใใ ใ (last week)
- โข ใใใใค (last month)
- โข ใใใญใ (last year)
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๐๏ธ ใใใใ ใ (Practice)
Try making these adjectives past tense:
๐ฏ Practice Right Now:
- โข Make sentences about yesterday using these adjectives: ใใใใ, ใใใ, ใใใใใ
- โข Listen to the examples and repeat them
- โข Make a sentence about how your day was yesterday using ใใ (ใใใฃใ)
ใพใจใ (Summary)
- โข ใ-adjectives: Drop ใ, add ใใฃใใงใ
- โข ใช-adjectives: Add ใงใใ
- โข Exception: ใใใงใ โ ใใใฃใใงใ
- โข Use past tense adjectives to describe how things were before now
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